Written by Deprecated: mb_convert_encoding(): Handling HTML entities via mbstring is deprecated; use htmlspecialchars, htmlentities, or mb_encode_numericentity/mb_decode_numericentity instead in /var/www/vhosts/definicionesyconceptos.com/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/super-cool-ad-inserter/inc/scaip-shortcode-inserter.php on line 37
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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property html_changer\EndingTag::$attributes is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/definicionesyconceptos.com/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/seo-automated-link-building/vendor/friedolinfoerder/html-changer/src/HtmlChanger.php on line 552
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Deprecated: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/definicionesyconceptos.com/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/stackable-ultimate-gutenberg-blocks-premium/src/fonts.php on line 42
Deprecated: mb_convert_encoding(): Handling HTML entities via mbstring is deprecated; use htmlspecialchars, htmlentities, or mb_encode_numericentity/mb_decode_numericentity instead in /var/www/vhosts/definicionesyconceptos.com/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/super-cool-ad-inserter/inc/scaip-shortcode-inserter.php on line 37
Deprecated: stripos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated in /var/www/vhosts/definicionesyconceptos.com/httpdocs/wp-content/plugins/stackable-ultimate-gutenberg-blocks-premium/src/init.php on line 193
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LOS Cámara oscura fue el primer gran descubrimiento de la fotografía. Es una caja compuesta por paredes opacas, que tiene un agujero en un lado, y en la pared paralela a este agujero se coloca una superficie fotosensible.
El funcionamiento del cuarto oscuro es de naturaleza física. El principio de propagación directa de la luz permite que los rayos de luz que llegan al objeto y atraviesan el orificio de la cámara se proyecten sobre la pantalla fotosensible de la pared paralela al orificio. Esta proyección produce una verdadera imagen invertida del objeto en la superficie fotosensible. Cuanto más pequeño es el agujero, más nítida se forma la imagen, ya que la incidencia de los rayos de luz procedentes de otras direcciones es mucho menor.
Aunque en realidad fue desarrollado en el siglo XIX, por los precursores de la fotografía, existen informes del uso del cuarto oscuro desde la Antigüedad, por parte del filósofo griego Aristóteles, quien lo utilizó para realizar observaciones astronómicas. Más tarde, en el siglo XI, el árabe Ibn al-Haitham también se refirió al cuarto oscuro como una ayuda para observar un eclipse solar. En el siglo XIV, algunos artistas ya utilizaban la técnica del cuarto oscuro como ayuda en la producción de dibujos y pinturas. Luego, en el Renacimiento, Leonardo Da Vinci escribió sobre el mecanismo de captura de imágenes. Posteriormente, en el siglo XVII, se instaló un sistema óptico con el fin de mejorar la calidad y captura de imágenes.
La relación entre el tamaño del orificio y la nitidez del objeto planteaba un problema. Cuanto más pequeño era el agujero, más nítidas eran las líneas, sin embargo, con la reducción de la entrada de luz, se produjo un oscurecimiento considerable de la imagen producida. Por esta razón, el mecanismo de uso de lentes fue desarrollado en 1550 por el físico italiano Girolamo Cardano, quien utilizó una lente biconvexa. Cardano tuvo en cuenta la capacidad de refracción del vidrio, en el que convergían los rayos de luz reflejados sobre el objeto, formando así una imagen puntual, nítida y clara.
Se han producido muchos cuartos oscuros a lo largo de la historia, desde cámaras enormes del tamaño de una habitación hasta cámaras pequeñas. Hoy en día hay pocos en el mundo, pero puedes ver algunos en Grahamstown en Sudáfrica, Bristol en Inglaterra, Kirriemuir, Dumfries y Edimburgo en Escocia, Santa Mónica y San Francisco en California y en el Museo de la Vida de la Fundación Oswaldo Cruz en Río de Enero.
Fuentes:
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkroom
http://www.cienciamao.usp.br/tudo/exibir.php?midia=pmd&cod=_pmd2005_i3201
